Critical Analysis Obesity and Diabetes in Rural to Urban Migrants

Question: Discuss about the Obesity and Diabetes in Rural to Urban Migrants. Answer: According to the information provided by WHO BMI over 25 kg/m2 is defined as overweight, and a BMI of over 30 kg/m2 as obese (WHO, 2003). Obesity is a serious problem that can lead to much chronic disease and one such chronic health problem is diabetes. Diabetes and obesity are highly prevalent in developed as well as developing economies. Wide array of research has been done to identify the reason of high prevalence of obesity and diabetes. One such study has been conducted by Ebrahim et al (2010). It is crosses sectional study that that has been designed to identify the relation between the rural to urban migration and development of obesity and diabetes in Indian population. There are many evidences that have been presented by the research studies that support the idea of development of obesity and diabetes due to rural to urban migration (Bowen et al, 2011). Study explains that migration of the rural population towards the urban areas helps in promoting urbanization. However, thi s process of urbanization also includes the risk of obesity and diabetes. The study has focused on testing the hypothesis that rural to urban migrants have higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes in comparison to rural non-migrants. Study also based on the theory or the hypothesis that migrants would have an intermediate prevalence of obesity and diabetes compared with life-long urban and rural dwellers, and that longer time since migration would be associated with a higher prevalence of obesity and of diabetes Ebrahim et al (2010). Study has been designed to find the cardiovascular risks in the factory workers, who have migrated from the rural parts of India. These factories were located in the north, central and south India. Other research studies related to this topic has found that migration of the people from the rural areas to urban areas is linked with the high prevalence of obesity that also works as the driving factor for raising the diabetes epidemic in India (Misra et al, 2001). The study selected for this analysis has used the framework of a cardiovascular risk factor screening study that has been conducted in factories situated in north, central, and south India (Reddy et al, 2006). The researchers have designed the sib-pair comparative study that was conducted in the four different factories located in different parts of India. According to the study of Poznik et al (2006), sib-pair linkage analysis is considered as the popular method for identifying the genes that are responsible for the occurrence of the complex disease. The details of the four factories are Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd situated in Lucknow, Indorama Synthetics Ltd located in Nagpur, Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd located in Hyderabad and Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd located in Bangalore. Study conducted by Misra et al (2001) has also focused on the northern part of the country for identifying the reasons of high prevalence of diabetes and obesity in the rural to urban migrants living in the poor socio-economic conditions. Some of the significant reasons associated with high prevalence of diabetes and obesity in rural migrant population are associated with socio-economic condition and metabolic characteristics of this population. For the purpose of sampling in the study of Ebrahim et al (2010), the factory workers and their spouses were recruited for the study if they were the rural urban migrants. This sampling was done by using the employer records. For identifying the difference in the health, the researchers also asked the migrants and their spouses to invite their non-migrant sibling of same sex and close to their age, who are still residing in their rural location or the place of origin. The main focus of the study has been on rural to urban migration is very hi gh in India and such population suffer many physical and mental health issues (Albers et al, 2016). Study gave priority to the gender over age, as multiple same sex sibs were available. Sibling pair design is significantly used in comparing the risk factors of the chronic diseases. Study also assessed the factory workers with urban origin and urban dwelling sibs (not working in the factory) through interview, fasting blood samples and examination.25% of the samples were collected from the non-migrant urban population working in these factories. Sib pair comparative analysis was carried out to compare the risk factors associated with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. This method of the research informed about the complexities of the sib-pair analysis (Albers et al, 2016). The total number of participants in the study was 6150. 42% of the total participants were women. The strategy of inviting the same sex sibs informed that sibs were being drawn from the 20 different states of India. This strategy also informed about the migration patterns of the factory workforce and t heir partners in India. The results of the study show that response rate was high. Total of 21,662 factory workers and their spouses from all four factories were available for the research. Out of these 15,596 (72%) of the people were found to be still working in these factories, out of which 88% of the people were able to complete the initial assessment conducted for the eligibility criteria. Out of 13,695 people, only 7,594 (55%) people were eligible for the study, because these people had the rural dwelling sibs. 94% of these people agreed to complete the medical examination with their sib. The people, who failed to participate in the study were mainly because of the reason that they sibling were unwilling to travel for the purpose of study and also due to time constraints (harvesting season or exams). The researchers could only obtain the limited data from the initial screening interview. The study could not found any significant differences on the basis of marital status, distance from the rural place of origin, mean age or the migrant status. The results of the study stated that prevalence of the cardiovascular risks was lower in the non-responders (14.8%), while it was higher in the non-consenters (21.1%). However, the cardiovascular risk was higher in responders (19.3%) in comparison to non-responders. Results also showed that fasting blood glucose level were similar in the migrant and urban groups (in men and women), while fasting blood glucose was lower in the rural sibs. Prevalence of diabetes was higher in the urban and migrant group in comparison to rural group. Urban and migrant men and women has the increased odds of diabetes in comparison to rural group. Findings of the study suggests that BMI found in men weakened the association between the place of origin and cardio vascular risks systolic blood pressure but did not reduce the strength of associations with fasting blood glucose, HOMA, or the prevalence of diabetes (Ebrahim et al, 2010). Another study also found high insulin resistance in Asian Migrants and diabetes is four times higher in the rural migrated population (Misra Ganda, 2007). The findings of the study by Ebrahim et al, (2010) supported the hypothesis that there is high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the rural to urban migrants in comparison to rural non-migrants. However the findings of the study could not support the second and third hypothesis of the study that had mentioned that there is intermediate prevalence in migrants in comparison to urban dwellers and the long time of migrations increase the prevalence risks was not supported by the findings. Therefore the findings of the study demonstrated that rural o urban migration in India is associated with rapid increase in the risk of obesity and diabetes. This has been mainly linked with he changed behaviour that is reduced physical activities, increased alcohol intake. These factors are similar to the urban population as well. Obesity and diabetes are reaching to epidemic level in rural to urban migrant population in India (Bowen et al, 2011). Study also suggested that health promotional activities and interventions targeting migrant population can help in reducing or slowing down the risk of obesity and diabetes. Since, there is rapid urbanization in developing countries, such interventions are important (Misra Ganda, 2007). Since, health and social well-being of the people is determined by various factors, such as demographic pattern, pattern of consuming food, and socio-economic condition, holistic approach for empowering vulnerable population is significant (Kumar Preetha, 2012). For the purpose of study validation and ethical consideration, information of the research was provided to the participants in their local languages (Bowen et al, 2011). Informed Consent of the participants was received through their signed information sheets or obtaining thumb print on sheets (if the participant was illiterate). This study also received the approval from the ethical committee of India, which is All India Institute of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee; reference number A-60/4/8/2004. Field work began in March 2005 and was completed by December 2007. Study also includes the appropriate reasons for the exclusion of the participants from the study, which is important for understanding the biases. Rural to urban migrants undergo the extensive environmental change is caused due to rapid urbanization. This change requires studying the epidemiological transition to be studied. The health related changes in the migrants over the short period of time can provide the better insight to the problem. This will also allow providing the health information of the wide range of population affected by urbanization (Mohan et al, 2008). Therefore, the period of research can significantly affect the selection biases based on the length of the period. Study also focused on the dietary intake of the migrants. The dietary intake of the migrants was assessed with the help of the interviewer-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The frequency of the intake of the 184 commonly consumed food items was included in the questionnaire. For maintaining the validity and reliability of the data, subsamples were asked to complete the questionnaire during the period of original data collection. Fat intake was considered as indicator of the dietary change. Since, diet is an important risk factor for the occurrence of obesity and diabetes, the changes in the dietary patter and changes in food indicate can provide effective and reliable cues about the occurrence of obesity and diabetes in migrant population. The results of the study are likely to be affected by confounding because the study could not support the hypothesis that longer time since migration can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes. The time could be an important aspect of determining the level of risk. However, study failed to find this and support this hypothesis (Ebrahim et al, 2010). The results are not likely to be affected by the measurement biases because study used the appropriate measurement tool and framework that has been selected by many other epidemiological studies. The temporal relationship is very significant to be established between the exposure and the outcome (Rothman, Greenland, 2005), as the casual association among the exposure has been studied in detail. Ebrahim et al, (2010) has provided the occurrence of the disease with logical explanation about the exposure to the various factors. The study of Ebrahim et al (2010) has explained the various risk factors and exposures that increase the risk of obesity and diabetes (such as, environmental changes, dietary changes, physical exercise and migration associated difference in blood pressure, lipids, fasting blood glucose, and insulin. The dose response relationship has not been established. However, study provides the strong relationship between the exposure and the outcome. Study provides the difference between the BMI of the male migrant sib group and rural sib group. The findings of the study can be considered as consistent with the evidences provided in the similar studies. Ebrahim et al (2010) found that migrant and urban men and women had 2 fold increased odd of obesity and diabetes. This finding has been consistent with the evidences presented by Varadharajan et al (2013), who conducted the cross sectional survey in the 29 states of India and included 56,498 non-pregnant women, aged 15 to 49 years, and 42,190 men, aged 15 to 54 years (Varadharajan et al, 2013). This study also found that there has been mean increase in the BMI value and also suggested that rural to urban migration population in India have higher odds of obesity in comparison to rural population. The results presented by the study can be considered as reliable in terms of biological evidences. The study of Millett et al (2013) has also included the biological evidences for the similar study design and rural to urban population. Genetic and lifestyle factors are found to be responsible for the occurrence of obesity and diabetes (Lyngdoh et al, 2006). The acquired insulin resistance has been associated with biological and genetic factors that may increase due to the migration process. The sib comparison could b like the twin study, but it is significant for determining the genetic contribution towards the disease. Some biological factors like heritability are not mentioned in the study of Ebrahim et al (2010), which my be significant for determining the genetic variations. Diet has been considered as an important risk factor, therefore, it has also been considered by various other rural-urban migrant studies (Carrillo-Larco et al (2016); He et al (1996); Torun et al (2002). Rural to urban Peru migrant study conducted by Carrillo-Larco et al (2016) examined the ongoing urbanization in the developing countries has contributed to rapid development of obesity. Such increased risk of obesity has been associated with change in food and development of obesogenic environment. Study of Jones et al (2014) obesogenic environment would include several characteristics: improved transit leading to less physical activity related to commuting, a wider access to different kinds of food (healthy, unhealthy and even junk food), wider exposure to fast food and their associated marketing strategies, and different prices between healthy and unhealthy food. The increased risk of obesity in urbanized environment may be high because rural environment have more protective effec t. Therefore the study of Ebrahim et al, (2010) found that risk of obesity and diabetes is less in rural populations. High level of saturated fat and cholesterol intake is found in rural to migrant population in comparison to non-migrant population (Torun et al, 2002). The external validity of the study depends upon the applicability of the study design in the source population. Ebrahim et al (2010) conducted the study in the four different factories of India and carefully selected the rural to urban migrants. Study also include the spouses of the migrants and considered them valuable for the migrant study. This study also found the similar pattern for the obesity and diabetes in men as well as in women migrants. The findings can be applied to the source population as the random selection of the urban participants was also done, but study cannot be generalized o the other rural to urban migrant population, as this study includes a very large sample of the participants. The study results can also be applied to other populations, as many other studies have provided similar evidences that support the hypothesis of the study conducted by Ebrahim et al (2010). References Albers, H. M., Kinra, S., Krishna, K. R., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Kuper, H. (2016). Prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in relation to rural-to-urban migration in India: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology,4(1), 47. Bowen, L., Ebrahim, S., De Stavola, B., Ness, A., Kinra, S., Bharathi, A. V., ... Reddy, K. (2011). Dietary intake and rural-urban migration in India: a cross-sectional study.PloS one,6(6), e14822. Carrillo-Larco, R. M., Bernab-Ortiz, A., Pillay, T. D., Gilman, R. H., Sanchez, J. F., Poterico, J. A., ... Miranda, J. J. (2016). Obesity risk in rural, urban and rural-to-urban migrants: prospective results of the PERU MIGRANT study.International journal of obesity (2005),40(1), 181. Ebrahim, S., Kinra, S., Bowen, L., Andersen, E., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lyngdoh, T., ... Mohan, (2010). The effect of rural-to-urban migration on obesity and diabetes in India: a cross-sectional study.PLoS Med,7(4), e1000268. He, J., Klag, M. J., Wu, Z., Qian, M. C., Chen, J. Y., Mo, P. S., ... Whelton, P. K. (1996). Effect of migration and related environmental changes on serum lipid levels in southwestern Chinese men.American journal of epidemiology,144(9), 839-848. Jones, N. R., Conklin, A. I., Suhrcke, M., Monsivais, P. (2014). The growing price gap between more and less healthy foods: analysis of a novel longitudinal UK dataset.PLoS One,9(10), e109343. Kumar, S., Preetha, G. S. (2012). Health promotion: An effective tool for global health.Indian Journal of Community Medicine,37(1), 5. Lyngdoh, T., Kinra, S., Shlomo, Y. B., Reddy, S., Prabhakaran, D., Smith, G. D., Ebrahim, (2006). Sib-recruitment for studying migration and its impact on obesity and diabetes.Emerging Themes in Epidemiology,3(1), 2. Millett, C., Agrawal, S., Sullivan, R., Vaz, M., Kurpad, A., Bharathi, A. V., ... Ebrahim, S. (2013). Associations between active travel to work and overweight, hypertension, and diabetes in India: a cross-sectional study.PLoS Med,10(6), e1001459. Misra, A., Ganda, O. P. (2007). Migration and its impact on adiposity and type 2 diabetes.Nutrition,23(9), 696-708. Misra, A., Pandey, R. M., Devi, J. R., Sharma, R., Vikram, N. K., Khanna, N. (2001). High prevalence of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia in urban slum population in northern India.International journal of obesity,25(11), 1722. Mohan, V., Mathur, P., Deepa, R., Deepa, M., Shukla, D. K., Menon, G. R., ... Thankappan, K. R. (2008). Urban rural differences in prevalence of self-reported diabetes in IndiaThe WHOICMR Indian NCD risk factor surveillance.Diabetes research and clinical practice,80(1), 159-168. Poznik, G. D., Adamska, K., Xu, X., Krolewski, A. S., Rogus, J. J. (2006). A novel framework for sib pair linkage analysis.The American Journal of Human Genetics,78(2), 222-230. Reddy, K. S., Prabhakaran, D., Chaturvedi, V., Jeemon, P., Thankappan, K. R., Ramakrishnan, L., ... Meera, R. (2006). Methods for establishing a surveillance system for cardiovascular diseases in Indian industrial populations.Bulletin of the World Health Organization,84(6), 461-469. Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S. (2005). Causation and causal inference in epidemiology.American journal of public health,95(S1), S144-S150. Torun, B., Stein, A. D., Schroeder, D., Grajeda, R., Conlisk, A., Rodriguez, M., ... Martorell, R. (2002). Rural-to-urban migration and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young Guatemalan adults. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31(1), 218-226. Varadharajan, K. S., Thomas, T., Rajaraman, D., Kurpad, A. V., Vaz, M. (2013). Overweight and obesity among internal migrants in India.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition,22(3), 416-425. WHO. (2003). Global Strategy On Diet, physical Activity and Health. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/media/en/gsfs_obesity.pdf

The Impact of an Old Fleet on the Demand for Air T Essay Example For Students

The Impact of an Old Fleet on the Demand for Air T Essay ransportation: The Case of VASP Brazilian AirlinesIntroductionThe Viao Area So Paulo, known by the great public as VASP BrazilianAirlines, was created in November of 1933, in So Paulo. The company at first wasinvestor owned and its first planes were two Monospar, bought from an English airline. Even though it had a good beginning, the company had constant losses and the onlysolution to solve the crisis was asking for government help. On March of 1935, the SoPaulo government agreed to help the company, not lending money but making it a publiccompany owned half by the state and half by the city of So Paulo. The VASP ownersagreed with that decision, because it was the only way to avoid bankruptcy. After decades under government control, in 1988, the So Paulo state told the pressthat it wished to privatize the company because it still had monthly losses. On October of1990, on a public auction, the VOE/CANHEDO group, represented by the Canhedo Groupand the VASP employers, bought the company for US$44 million dollars. Until today, thecompany is owned by the VOE/CANHEDO group. After the reelection of Fernando Henrique Cardoso as President of Brazil, thebrazilian central bank decided to devaluate its currency and the airlines suffered a lotbecause its debts were in US dollars. One of the biggest problems that VASP faced was thatit had earnings on brazilian currency and had costs in US dollars. QUndergraduate Student of EPGE/FGV; E-mail: emailprotectedWhile VASP was facing all this trouble, in 2001, the low fare airlines boomarrived in Brazil. The GOL Linhas Areas was a mimic of Jet Blue 1. Its prices were at least40% less than the airlines operating in Brazil and it did attract costumers. The meal servedinside the plane is quite simple, just cold sandwiches and cereal bars. VASP that could not compete with the brazilian biggest airlines, VARIG and TAM,now had a competitor: GOL. At the end of 2002, GOL passed VASP on the brazilianairline market, making VASP the 4th brazilian airline, after VARIG, TAM and GOL. Recently, one of VASP airplanes had problems while flying to Fortaleza airport,Pinto Martins. A week later, another airplane flying from So Paulo to Curitiba hadproblems after landing. The land crew tried to fix the problem and after it took off tocontinue the flight, the planes remained and the plane had to go back to Curitiba2. One ofthe biggest brazilian newspapers said that the VASP fleet was from the 1970s. The VASPfrequent flyers were shocked. Nowadays, VASP and GOL compete for the third place ofthe brazilian airline market. MethodologyAccording to the microeconomics theory, the demand for a certain object dependson the price, the price of other similar object and the budget constraint. To help the study,the quality of services offered by the airlines besides the ones discussed above, we caninclude the frequency delay3 and flight timeYoung(1972) and Anderson Kraus(1981). Our aim will be to analyze how the quality of services can affect the demand for airtransportationDouglas Miller(1974), Anderson Kraus(1981) and Trapani Olson(1982). A possible doubt that can come one your mind is how a passenger could measurethe age of the airline that he is fixing to board. The answer it is simple. An older airplanelooks are not good. It looks like it had received a complete patchwork. Indeed, an oldairplane with those kinds of looks could worry some of the passengers. Juvenile Delinquency Essay(11) =y +y +y +y 2 + e0 1 2 3 flyvasp price planeage planeage6 For further information visit Boeing website. 7 Wooldridge(2002)Where flyvasp is a dummy variable that assumes 1 if the passenger flew VASP and0 if the passenger flew GOL. The dependent variable price represents the price paid by thepassenger to fly(R$). The variable planeage represents the age of the airplane that thepassenger used.(years). 0 y is the intercept of the equation while the i y are the slopes of thedependent variables. The quadratic variable planeage2 was included because we want tostudy also the positives or negatives marginal effects of the variable planeage. Themarginal effect would be:(12) planeageplaneageflyvasp2 3 =y + 2yAfter these problems that VASP faced with its airplanes, I think it would beimportant to analyze if the age of the airplane does affect the demand for airtransportation. In order to do this I would use cross sectional data. The econometric modelused, as discussed above, would be the linear probability model(LPM). The estimationmethod used would be generalized least squares(GLS).8 The need of this method is why wehave the risk of facing heteroskedasticy. The Wald test is needed for the variables and theShapiro-Wilk searching for outliers. ConclusionsUnfortunately this research could not be finished because VASP went bankrupt andlost its permission to fly in March of 2005. However the model discussed above could beused to study the relationship between the demand of two airlines, just some modificationsneeded to be done. But indeed I know that this model would be helpful for further works. 8 Wooldridge(2002)ReferencesAbouchar, A. (1970) Air Transport Demand, Congestion Cost, and the Theory of OptimalAirport Use. Journal of American Statistical Association, v.3, n.3, p. 463-475. Anderson J.E, Kraus, M. (1981) Quality of Service and the Demand for Air Travel TheReview of Economics and Statistics. v.63. De Vany, A.S (1975) The Effect of Price and Entry Regulation on Airline Output,Capacity and Efficiency The Bell Journal of Economics v.6, p. 327-345. Departamento de Aviao Civil http://www.dac.gov.brDouglas, G.W., Miller III J.C (1974) Quality Competition, Industry Equilibrium andEfficiency in the Price-Constrained Airline Market American Economic Review v.64,p.67-76. Infraero http://www.infraero.gov.brGronau, R. (1980) The Value of Time in Passenger Transportation: The Demand for AirTravel Occasional paper 109 , National Bureau of Economic Research, New York. Isidore, C. (2002) Attack of low fare airlines CNNmoney, December 9, 2002Morrison, S., and Winston, C.(1995), The Evolution of the Airline Industry. BrookingsInstitutionTaaffe, E.J. (1956) Air Transportation and United States Urban DistributionGeographical Review 46, 219-238. Trapani, J.M., Olson, C.V. (1982), An Analysis of the Impact of Open Entry on Priceand the Quality of Service in the Airline Industry The Review of Economics andStatistics, 1982, vol. 64, issue 1, pages 67-76Verleger Jr. P. K. (1972) Models of the Demand for Air Transportation The BellJournal of Economics and Management Service v.3, p. 437-457Wooldridge, J. (2002) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressYoung, K.H. (1972), Cross-Sectional Demand Models: Estimates and Tests, Journalof Regional Science, 9

Why Everybody Is Mistaken Regarding Environmental Politics Research Paper Topics

Why Everybody Is Mistaken Regarding Environmental Politics Research Paper Topics You have to understand completely that you're not writing a descriptive essay. Now you know how to structure a research proposal, it's time to start the job. Introduce the problem you want to research and analyze. At any time you finish a project, it's important to completely understand the target of your work. Get the Scoop on Environmental Politics Research Paper Topics Before You're Too Late For example, a master level research paper demands an expert with no less than a master or Ph.D. degree. Fortunately, you're provided with the practical suggestions on the best way to discover reliable sources of information without going to a library. You might even require research writing help to receive your A. After you get the prompt, attempt to correct the academic format with the aid of numerous free online writing guides. The Unexpected Truth About Environmental Politics Research Paper Topics Written objectives are typical for students, as instructors ought to make sure students fully understanding the point of the project which they are going to undertake in addition to the anticipated results of the undertaking. Students may always get guidance about how to create excellent topics on the web. Moreover, they can also choose comparative politics research questions by comparing several important personalities. With all these choices for investigatory projects, students may choose from whatever catches their interest. Political science is a rather complicated one. You will need understanding of the program material, along with current academic and scholarly discourse in the area. The Basic Facts of Environmental Politics Research Paper Topics It would be less difficult to learn more about the theme and write about doing it. After you've chosen your topic, attempt to create your title catchy and relevant. You have to be certain to understand everything clearly once you select an essay topic. You need to reveal the readers that you master of this issue and not a confused newbie who doesn't understand what he or she's speaking about. Everything is based on the features of this issue and the very best way of solving any related research question. There are instances when you're assigned with the topic but more frequently, you'll need to create a topic on your own. Keep in mind that the audience would like to know whether you're competent enough to learn more about the discipline, so consider your approach carefully. In the event you do not understand how to format the paper, it is going to appear haphazard. A common challenge when beginning to compose a research paper is determining how to limit your topic. By analyzing a web-based research paper example, you can learn to draft your own topic. Without a suitable content, great research paper topics are not going to make sense. There are lots of debates over which kind of foods are deemed organic. A research paper on global warming can concentrate on one of the numerous facets of the subject, pinning down a specific issue and trying to answer relevant yet unanswered questions. Just select the field that you should compose a paper within. The paper must give the impression you know what you're doing. The more you fully grasp the simpler it's for you to compose a thriving research paper. Your environmental paper might have an empirical or theoretical strategy, and qualitative or quantitative one. The Ideal Approach for Environmental Politics Research Paper Topics To totally understand the political process an individual should have lots and tons of understanding of the way our society operates. For instance, a change in a nation's leadership, or the rapid deterioration or improvement in a nation's financial environment, can impact the business atmosphere. 1 approach to manage political risk is to obtain political risk insurance. The procedure for decolonization and liberation isn't only a fight by the indigenous population to regain their identity and their rights, but it's a re-humanization for the entire world and for the invention of a new mankind .

Background For Research Paper - Get It Online

Background For Research Paper - Get It OnlineResearch paper writers use various online services to do their background research before writing a detailed summary of the research topic. There are many advantages of such services, including the availability of data without any fees and even the option to upload the files in the study file management system.Many of us could not afford the time and effort to dig deeper for historical data. Moreover, there are many reasons why we don't want to spend our time doing it. But now it is possible with online background services.The question now is how to get the relevant data on a certain subject? Do we have to spend hours searching and then paying an expensive price to access the relevant data? Fortunately, now there are websites that are dedicated to providing us with the necessary information we need for the research.Most of the websites offer background research of a given topic, and also provide the option to download the files in easy-to- read format. All you need to do is to type the search term into the search box, and click the search button. Your search results will include the relevant background data you need.This type of service can be used in two ways: as a background for research paper or as a supplementary content. It is important to know whether your research paper is an objective one or biased. If it is biased, you will need to take care that the information on the background for research paper is accurate.This means that the background for research paper should be according to the topic and will need to match the published information of the topic. You will need to conduct research yourself to check whether the information is correct. To avoid any wrong information, you can seek help from the website that provides background for research paper.The second option for obtaining specific background research for your research is the upload feature of the website. The website will give you all the needed infor mation that you need in order to prepare your research paper. With the help of the background for research paper, you will be able to prepare an objective and unbiased research paper.There are other features that will make your background research more useful. Now you can get all the information you need without even stepping out of your house.

MKTGCASESTUDY Essays - Food And Drink, Foods, Desserts, Ice Cream

Leader: Culaban . Remi Ann Group members: Bragat , Mycris Jean Capuz , Sharra Jannieca Egaran , Angel Marina, Marigold Poblete, Aipol May Sarmiento, Chresna Mae I. Executive Summary Haagen-Dazs is a North American premium ice cream company and is t he leading market during 1980's and early 1990's but because of the market change and very aggressive competition from competitors, Haagen-Dazs need to make ice cream strategy planning for the United States. Slowed down sales growth of super-premium ice cream in the United States happened because of the competition from other products, also because more and more consumers become concerned about cholesterol. In this case study, we will provide effect ive marketing strategy in order to achieve and maintain the luxury image of this product. II. Viewpoint The newly hired ice cream product Market Manager for United States super premium ice cream Ms. Carol Hodgman is the one in charge for the decision making in improving Haagen-Dazs company super premium ice cream sales. III. Central Problem The Americans are becoming more concerned with diet health because of competition from other products such as low calorie yogurt and ice milk, so the sales growth of super-premium ice cream in United States is slowing down. IV. Objectives The objective of this study is to: [1] Identify the suitable target market of premium ice cream. [2] Create alternative solution for super premium ice cream. [3] Create promotional activities that may help promote super premium ice cream to the market to compete with low calorie yogurt and ice milk. 120456183324500 31908751906270 Threats A lot of aggressive competitors Sales growth in super premium ice scream is slowing down and some prod ucers are going out of business. Americans became more and more health conscious so they avoid or eliminate fatty ice creams .00 Threats A lot of aggressive competitors Sales growth in super premium ice scream is slowing down and some prod ucers are going out of business. Americans became more and more health conscious so they avoid or eliminate fatty ice creams . -1157641908810 Opportunities innovation of super-premium ice cream will disco ver High possibi lity of producing new trends in ice cream products. New trend ice creams will help develop and to attract target market .00 Opportunities innovation of super-premium ice cream will disco ver High possibi lity of producing new trends in ice cream products. New trend ice creams will help develop and to attract target market . 3190875312174 Weaknesses T he premium ice cr eam is more fatty than ice milk. The super-premium ice cream has more cholesterol compared to the other ice cream products. Other products like ice milk is more suitable to the consumers' base on their consciousness about their health compared to the premium ice cream.00 Weaknesses T he premium ice cr eam is more fatty than ice milk. The super-premium ice cream has more cholesterol compared to the other ice cream products. Other products like ice milk is more suitable to the consumers' base on their consciousness about their health compared to the premium ice cream. 31444162363630 -121104301625 Strengths Super Premium i ce cream is a Well -known brand It has a strong market position as it is trend not just in US but to other countries . The managers are Intelligent in market targeting and segmentation. 00 Strengths Super Premium i ce cream is a Well -known brand It has a strong market position as it is trend not just in US but to other countries . The managers are Intelligent in market targeting and segmentation. V. Areas of Consideration VI. Alternative Courses of Action Plan A: Conduct a survey or study based on demographic profile in which classification of market buys more of super-premium ice cream and focus on how to maintain their trust and how to attract those market who less prefer super premium ice cream. Pros: 1. You can able to identify the specific target market. 2. It helps you to gain more information on how to improve your marketing strategies in selling super premium ice cream. 3. Identifying and focusing to the main problem of the business and finding solution for it. Cons: 1. Conducting survey may not be 100% truthful, because sometimes some of the answers of the

Know About Mathematical Proofs

Know About Mathematical ProofsIn mathematics, the mathematician research paper provides a mathematical proof that a certain thesis is correct. This is not limited to pure mathematics, which are proofs in a certain area of mathematics.Mathematics is the study of both natural and human created phenomena. However, in mathematics, there are some areas where mathematicians use numbers, rules, equations, and formulas to make discoveries about nature. In order to be a mathematician, it is important for a person to read various writings and use their brain to understand theories of different fields.The main parts of mathematician research papers are mathematical proofs, development of the theorem, proof, and interpretation. All these parts serve as proof for the final document. The main reason for this is to maintain the accuracy of mathematical principles. With mathematics, we can tell the world of our knowledge, so to speak.Mathematics is mostly used in business. Whether you are trying to build a house or launch a rocket, mathematics is an important part of the process. Mathematics is used to produce things like bridges, cars, and rockets. All these things were only possible because of the knowledge that humans have gathered through math.When a mathematician researches a subject, the main purpose is to try to show how mathematics can be applied to solve specific problems. It is also used to create mathematical proofs to show the people what the mathematicians believe about the topic. For example, a mathematician can prove something like Einstein's theory that gravity does not exist through their research paper.There are many types of mathematics, each with its own system of mathematics and mathematical proofs. However, in mathematics, mathematical proofs are very important to both practical and theoretical knowledge.A mathematician research paper is very important for them to show people what they believe in and why their findings are correct. A mathematician has a l ot of confidence in their work, as they show these proofs in a very orderly way, and use good grammatical errors in their works. The most important part of the mathematician research paper is the mathematical proof itself.The mathematician research paper should be able to show people why the conclusions are correct. In mathematics, a proof is what proves that a mathematical principle is correct and should never be changed. Once a mathematical proof is shown, it should be able to be applied to other fields of mathematics. If a mathematician research paper cannot be translated to another field, then it is probably inaccurate.

Essay Topics For EAPT - What You Need to Know

Essay Topics For EAPT - What You Need to KnowEssay topics for the Esl Placement Test (EAPT) are crucial to know. There are a lot of things you need to consider before taking that test. This article will help you get prepared for that test.Firstly, you need to look at your strengths and weaknesses. It is very easy to avoid this by making general statements about yourself. The more vague the statement, the more likely you are to come across as a blank slate when you start writing your essay. You need to focus on the most important things to show how you could be an asset to the university.Some people have trouble coming up with topics to write essays. They tend to begin to wonder why they do not get more attention and how difficult it is to write an essay. Many students often seem to have the same story; they don't get a lot of attention or praise from their teachers or professors and think the essay topic they chose was not really suitable for the test.To avoid problems, you need to m ake sure you have good essay topics. Make sure you do your research in order to make sure you have topics you are comfortable writing about.In general, there are two different types of essay topics; formal and informal. Make sure you get a good idea of what type of essay topics you need to choose from.One more thing you should remember about the essay topics for the EAPT is the grammar you use. Many students pick something that looks good on paper but does not have much substance when put into context. It's a good idea to take a break and review before starting.One last thing you need to consider when you go to take the essay topics for the EAPT is that you have time to prepare. It is not always easy to do this while you are taking tests. However, the more time you spend studying, the better you will do.