Ibn Battuta in China Essay Example for Free

Ibn Battuta in China Essay At a time when most men cover distance astride a traveling animal, 75,000 miles of travel in a span of 30 years is an amazing achievement. When asked to name this historical individual who covered such great distance during the medieval period, most will likely point a credit to Marco Polo who is the well-known traveler of his time in Hakooki. com. But somehow, another person who has traveled longer and earlier than Marco Polo has actually covered this distance and visited 44 countries throughout the world. Ibn Battuta’s travels have almost been delegated into the oblivion if the world continued seeing history through the western view. Marco Polo, being European is far known than Ibn Battuta. Even his visit to China is virtually unknown in comparison to similar books of travel written by Marco Polo despite the fact that even to this day there remains lingering, unresolved questions as to whether or not Marco Polo truly visited China. However, if the myth sounds interesting enough, it will eventually be reported as fact. In the case of Marco Polo, the man has become a mythical folk hero and when a person ascends to such lofty heights in the public’s eye, criticism, scrutiny and a healthy dose of reality will usually fall by the wayside. Marco Polo’s travels will still remain famous regardless of the controversy that surrounds his journeys and the equally lengthy debate among scholars. It will be the goal of this essay to shift scholarly and historical directions and seek to shed light on the subject by comparing Ibn Battuta to Marco Polo’s travel in China. It is not uncommon for influential people from history to be seemingly erased from the documented chronology. In the United States, history is chronicled from a western perspective with Western Europe being presented as the epicenter of the world. As such, individuals from other cultures and parts of the world are often viewed in a peripheral manner and not provided with the same depth of historical coverage. Marco Polo was a hero whose birth origins are in the Western World. Because of this, his feats are given great credibility of honor in text. In the case of Battuta, a Moroccan by descent, his achievements will not be glossed over despite spending 17 years in China in comparison to Marco Polo’s travel which could have distinguished itself in many areas such as extent of land and historicity. In order to understand the work of Ibn Battuta, one must examine his early biographical years to as to put his life’s work into a certain context. Muhammed ibn Abdullah ibn Battuta or Ibn Battuta was born in Tangier, Morocco in a Muslim family in 1304 and started his travels when he was 20 years old and lasted almost 30 years of his life according to Dunn (2004, 14). Battuta according to Francis in consequence belongs to the religious upper class of the Mohammedan community and received usual religious and scholastic education from theologians (1997:2). His travels started in 1325 when Ibn went on a pilgrimage to Mecca that continued on until he had covered 75,000 miles in Kegan (1929:1). He had stopped on most Muslim cities along his route and paid homage to holy sites in Damascus, Syria, Hebron, Jerusalem and Bethlehem in the face of many obstacles he met along the way as related in Monteil (1930:30).

Economy and Society in Europe During 1848 Essay -- European History Ec

Economy and Society in Europe During 1848 The revolutionary year of 1848 was an extraordinary period in which popular disturbances brought down the government of many countries. The revolts were very widespread, seriously affecting about fifty countries in Europe.1 It ranged from an enormous area, ranging from the Atlantic to the Ukraine, from the Baltic to the Mediterranean. Factors that contributed to these revolts included: the potato crop had been destroyed, food riots broke out, and financial crises sprung about due to the high rate of unemployment.2 The development of major cities, such as Prague, Berlin, Liepzig, etc. contributed to the creation of the revolution. Also, anger arose over political issues because the middle class was taking control, and the peasants were starving due to this. Another point that caused rage was tax collection. People threatened to beat tax collectors and burn down revenue offices. Europe, at this time, was fighting a battle that would last many years and change many different aspects of European countries. For the most part, the revolts were due to the bourgeoisie (upper class citizens) and how they controlled everything, including factories, machines, and people. The proletariat (working class that consisted of the factory laborers) were dominated by the bourgeoisie and began to look for a social change.3 The different changes in Europe in 1848 resulted in economic revolts, the Industrial Revolution, and how Karl Marx had an impact on society. The economic revolts took place right before 1848. This economic crisis resulted from the agricultural failures, which set off a serious industrial and commercial crisis, as high food prices would not let people buy anything else. Due to thes... ...ompany Inc, 1970), 198-206. 6. Breunig, 226. 7. Jones, 24. 8. Hugh McLeod, Secularisation in Western Europe, 1848-1914 (London: MacMillian Press Ltd., 2000), 31. 9. Jones, 15. 10. Priscilla Robertson, Revolutions of 1848: A Social History (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1952), 6. Bibliography Breunig, Charles. The Age of Revolution and Reaction, 1789-1850. New York: Norton and Company Inc., 1970. Goldstein, Robert Justin. "The European Revolutoin of 1848 and 1989." 24 February 1999. http://cscwww.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/dh/eurorev.htm (22 October 2001). Jones, Peter. The 1848 Revolutions. New York: Longman Inc., 1991. McLeod, Hugh. Secularisation In Western Europe, 1848-1914. London: MacMillian Press Ltd., 2000. Robertson, Priscilla. Revolutions of 1848: A Social History. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1952.

Concerts Across Time

Music Is the heart of culture and has affected people In more ways than the average person can have on someone. It can take you on a journey or help bring closure to a(n) ending journey. Music has always done this through the changes in time and the persona behind the music. Music will always grasp the changing culture's heart based on the time period. Baroque music is different from what today's culture would call popular music. The role of music concerts is also something to be studied further in the paper as well.People who attended Baroque concerts may very well differ from the people who attend today's rock concerts. Then we cannot forget the impact that technology has had on music of the past and the present. Baroque music can be classified as a dramatic style of music per Webster Dictionary. The concert I chose to listen to was Monteverdi Amour Sacra, Amour Profane. This piece was very beautiful and touching. I enjoyed It much more than I thought I would have considering I Eve never really listened to his music, though I have listened to various other classical composers of the Baroque period.The reason that I enjoyed this concert was because of the ensemble for one. The vocals were very beautiful and relaxing and made me feel at peace with the world around me. Parts of the music made me want to dance in a ballroom wearing a big fancy gown. Other parts of the concert made me think of life as it were back then and wonder what it would've been like to be there in person and watch the actual performance. On another note popular music deals with music that Is popular to today's society. For this concert, I chose a concert performed by Evanescence which was posted on Youth.This concert was definitely not a favorite. Though I am familiar with some of their earlier works, this concert was not exactly something to put the mind at ease, It was more of pumping up the crowd and a little dark. The vocals could not be heard as clearly as the previous concert and the tone was definitely a bit darker. So overall I did not enjoy this concert as much as I did the performers of the Baroque music. There are various similarities and differences amongst the two genres of music. The role of concerts from both the Baroque period and now are similar in that they re for entertainment.Back in the Baroque time period music was performed at churches or for the King and Queens or for anyone who could afford such an event. Almost like concerts today that are held for anyone that will be willing to pay versus just the rich and noble. The people that attend today's rock concerts however are generally classified as memo, Goth, skaters, snowboarders, rock and roll fans and the list could go on. If we look at popular music as a whole however, everyone who Is anyone will attend a concert. The basis for this Is that It depends on what type of USIA a person likes.Someone who attends a rock concert might not attend a Jazz concert, it all just depends whereas in the Baro que period concerts were held to a The instruments from both of these concerts were complete opposite of each other much like the difference between Baroque music and popular music. Though they have many parts that are necessary to the sound of the music, they are very different in the instruments selected. In the Baroque period instruments such as the cello, harpsichord, violin and many others were a major part of the ensemble.In today's music instruments can vary from one essential piece such as the keyboard to a whole band such as in the Baroque period. It very well depends on the style but in the essence of rock music there are only four major players needed such as the bass guitar, electric guitar, the drums and a vocalist. The people that attend these concerts also create a different setting and mood in itself. Other differences include the sound of the music. Baroque music overall offers a sense of peace or excitement. In some cases it makes one want to dance with a partner i n a ballroom setting.Popular music on the other hand can make one want to dance alone or with someone. It can be at home or at a club. The feelings created can range from anger to peacefulness. It cannot be categorized into one overall concept or idea. In general both Baroque and popular music speak to the crowd attending the concert. They can both draw in a crowd and be performed on stage. The locations however may vary. One may be performed in a church setting where another will be performed live at a theater or other venue. Overall one could say that people attend concerts to feel good, to see their favorite artist or to Just go with the in crowd.People attend concerts for many different reasons and each person has a personal reason for attending a concert. With the advance in technology music will always be constantly changing. People today can make music from their homes on their computers and then post it to the web and become an instant hit or a slow moving one. The change in technology has allowed us as a society to count the next big artist from home, to create new sounds with the touch of a button. It has created the ability to download software and share USIA with our friends and family.Technology allows us to be at concerts and share videos of the concerts with anyone we know. Technology will continually have an impact on music because more people are tuning in. More people want music on demand and at the touch of a few buttons can watch concerts live from the consorts of their home. Technology is changing everything and everyone is trying to keep up as music making applications are brought to our mobile phones. Technology has made it possible for music to be everywhere at one time with each person enjoying hat they value most about music.

Human Dignity in A Lesson Before Dying Essay - 1353 Words

Human Dignity in A Lesson Before Dying Grant and Jefferson are on a journey. Though they have vastly different educational backgrounds, their commonality of being black men who have lost hope brings them together in the search for the meaning of their lives. In the 1940’s small Cajun town of Bayonne, Louisiana, blacks may have legally been emancipated, but they were still enslaved by the antebellum myth of the place of black people in society. Customs established during the years of slavery negated the laws meant to give black people equal rights and the chains of tradition prevailed leaving both Grant and Jefferson trapped in mental slavery in their communities. The struggles of Grant and Jefferson share a common theme, man’s†¦show more content†¦Even his college education has not elevated his position in the eyes of the white society. When he was talking with white people, he was expected to act stupid and hide his education and assume the subservient role of a black. As in Grant’s visit to Mr. Guidry the first time. ‘She doesn’t, huh?’ Sam Guidry asked me. He emphasized doesn’t. I was supposed to have said don’t. I was being too smart (48). Of law, education and religion, one had to empower Jefferson and Grant. The law was clearly outside their realm of influence. However, education opened the door for Jefferson and Grant to share dialogue and to explore who they were and how they could be empowered. It was religion, their search for a greater meaning and a higher power, which allowed them to begin to think not of what white men thought of them, but rather what God and what they thought of themselves. With this new way of thinking, they forged a bond and both began to understand the simple heroic act of resistance in defying the expectation of white society that they were members of a lesser race ‘Do you know what a myth is, Jefferson?’ I asked him. ‘A myth is an old lie that people believe in. White people believe that they are better than anyone else on earth—and that’s a myth. The last thing they ever want is to see a black man stand, and think and show that common humanity that is i n us all. It would destroy their myth’ (192). Grant encouraged Jefferson to live beyond the stereotypeShow MoreRelatedA Lesson Before Dying - Lessons Learnt Before Jeffersons Demise1095 Words   |  5 PagesFormal Essay: A Lesson before Dying Exactly what lessons are learnt, and by whom, before Jefferson is executed? There are, in fact, numerous lessons learnt throughout the novel A Lesson Before Dying and they are learnt by a multitude of different characters. A significant number of characters throughout the book gradually evolve whilst story unfolds with this gradient of change emphasised in Jefferson, Grant Wiggins and the deputy, Paul. The lessons substantiate themselves in the words andRead MoreSummary Of A Lesson Before Dying 1688 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember, 2015 A Lesson Before Dying Year: 1993 Title: A Lesson Before Dying The title of this novel â€Å"A Lesson Before Dying† is what the book’s plot revolves around. Dying refers to Jefferson’s death, while the lesson refers to the lessons learnt by Jefferson, the white community, and Grant. Lesson 1: The article ‘a’ means that there is one, single lesson that is being taught before someone’s death, which is what the title really refers to in the shallowest sense. This lesson talks about GrantRead MoreA Lack Of Dignity By Ernest J. Gaines1173 Words   |  5 Pages A lack of dignity was shown throughout A Lesson Before Dying in the characters of Grant, Jefferson, Miss Emma, Tante Lou, and Vivian. All of these characters in the novel struggled with their lack of human morals which reflected on their impertinent actions towards themselves and among others. 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These poems all resemble determination. These poems show similarity of courage because it includes perseverance, strength, and dignity. These poems display perseverance. According to the poem, Tupac states â€Å"Long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one else ever cared.†(Line 7/8) This quote from the poem signifies perseverance because discouragement is a huge barrierRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying By Ernest J. Gaines1640 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans to be a human or a man, is a topic that is has been and is often discussed all over the world today. In the novel A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines, Gaines breaks down the meaning of what it means to be a man thought a character named Grant Wiggins. Grant Wiggins is the main character of the novel and is a very educated African-American man who is also a teacher at a local church in the town. He is trying to define and understand the concept of what it means to be human. He does thisRead MoreA Lesson Before Dying, by Ernest J. Gaines Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pages and elaborate registration systems, but it only started there. The novel A Lesson Before Dying is about a young, college-educated man and a convict, Grant Wiggins and Jefferson. Grant is asked to make a man out of Jefferson who is convicted of killing a white man during a robbery in which he got dragged along to. Grant is asked by Emma Lou to make a man out of Jefferson, so if anything, Jefferson can die with dignity. Something that he was striped of when he was tried and his attorney used theRead MoreEssay about Euthanasia as Mercy or Murder1311 Words   |  6 Pageseuthanasia, a physician or family member takes the life of a patient by means of lethal injection, before he or she dies of a terminal illness or injury. Currently, passive euthanasia is prohibited in most states, but not all. Whereas, active euthanasia is illegal in every state. Although many people believe that euthanasia is a way for people to die with dignity, it is the deliberate taking of a human life and should be banned because it is a clear form of murder. Of course, supporters of euthanasiaRead More Lesson Before Dying Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pages The ending of A Lesson Before Dying gives the reader a sense of despair and then portrays a sense of optimism. Gaines’ writing is unique because the reader feels this hope for the future and optimism without Gaines having to say it. Instead, he wrote about the execution and the hope was picked up from the â€Å"little things.† At the reader feels disappointed because Jefferson has died. The optimism comes into play through Grant and the fact that he has learned his lesson(s) from Jefferson. It is alsoRead MorePros And Cons Of Assisted Suicide1743 Words   |  7 Pagesevery state? All human beings have the right to decide how and when to end life in the event of a terminal disease to end suffering. Society will argue the pros and cons of assisted suicide in every state but ultimately legalization throughout all states in the U.S. will give a human being the moral right to choose freely, death with dignity, and an option for timely organ donation. The human action and character gives a person the moral right to choose freely from living and dying willingly. A state

Correlation Between Parietal And Adolescent Drug Abuse

Sarah Tischbein Gd3423 Psych Extra Credit Ye In Oh Correlation Between Parietal and Adolescent Drug Abuse In today s society substance abuse is a common problem throughout the United States of America. The objective of the experiment is to show the correlation between substance use behaviors of parents and their children’s substance use initiation and other risky behaviors. The experiment is focused on the role of mothers and fathers as a separate study. The surveys that take place through a series of interviews include two people from a selected household, one parent and one child. This topic was of interest to me because I grew up with an alcoholic father. Alcoholism has affected my family in many ways, and I am interested in seeing the correlation between my behavior and my fathers. The methodology used for the experiment was multi-stage sampling, arranged in a state based design, used through a sequence of face to face interviews conducted by the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). The experiment included 67,500 total interviews and was conducted annually. NSDUH organized cross-sectional surveys that were represented by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The goal of the interviews was to collect the data of the measure of the prevalence and correlation of substance abuse and substance abuse disorders. This study included people who were non-institutionalized, and older than 12 years of age. The interviews took place at eachShow MoreRelatedDepth Look At Autism Spectrum Disorder3112 Words   |  13 Pageson the classic form of autistic disorder, as well as the predisposing or risk factors, signs and symptoms associated with the disorder, how is autism diagnosed, treatment options, as well as complications and prognosis. Nursing implications during drug treatment, and application to nursing will be addressed as well. Description of Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism Spectrum Disorder is a lifelong developmental disorder, which affects a growing group nationwide. The word spectrum, refers to the wideRead MoreTrait Theory4213 Words   |  17 Pagesstudy of traits, which he sometimes referred to as dispositions. In his approach, central traits are basic to an individual s personality, whereas secondary traits are more peripheral. Common traits are those recognized within a culture and may vary between cultures. Cardinal traits are those by which an individual may be strongly recognized. Since Allport s time, trait theorists have focused more on group statistics than on single individuals. Allport called these two emphases nomothetic and idiographic

The Collaborative Leadership And Decision Making Essay

The fourth topic was the collaborative leadership and decision making. The topic showed that people make wrong decisions because they do not have enough choices to consider and sometimes, people are not carefully analyzed. People choose decisions based on inquiry and advocacy. An inquiry decision is a decision that is chosen when people have enough information, and have evidence to support and to prove the information. For example, when I made the decision to study in Canada, before I chose Canada. I found much information from many agencies about other countries, but I chose here because after I graduate, I can receive the work permit to work here for three years. This is an opportunity which other countries do not have. For an advocacy decision, people choose a decision because their prefer solutions. The ways to transfer from advocacy decisions to inquiry decisions by 3C’s; a conflict, a consideration and a closure. For a conflict, it helps to focus on cognitive thinking mo re than emotional thinking. The cognitive thinking helps people have to think, to analyze and to eliminate emotion when make decisions. When people have emotion to select decisions, most results are not the best decisions. The consideration, a leader should have an active listening, open mind; listen other viewpoints and have an ability to share a logic information. The last is closure, a leader needs to know when he or she should close a communication. If a leader does not know how to end aShow MoreRelatedCollaborative Leadership Essays1378 Words   |  6 PagesCollaborative Leadership Leadership can take many different forms, depending on the person and the situation in which it is needed. Collaborative leadership is a leadership style in which a leader brings together a large group of people, with a variety of backgrounds, to make a productive decision and act upon it. According to Chrislip and Larson (1994): †¦they are the ones who have the credibility to get the right people together to create visions, solve problems, and reach agreements about implementableRead MoreAddressing Power And Political Struggles On Organizational Culture1628 Words   |  7 PagesAddressing Power Political Issues in the Collaborative Structure through Empowerment A healthy organizational culture paves the way for cohesiveness and productivity. At times, companies will face the reality of power and political struggles due to competing individual interests. These struggles can create unhealthy organizational culture that prevents a business from being efficient and effective and thwart creativity. This is detrimental to businesses that thrive on creativity and innovationRead MoreImproved Effectiveness Through Collaboration : Collaborative Leadership976 Words   |  4 PagesImproved Effectiveness through Collaboration Collaborative leadership begins with trust upon which stories of a shared governance tower is built. Migliore (2012) pictures the ground level of the tower as being a Perception of Trust that includes personality, motivation, reliability, competence, and intuition. The next story is Culture of Trust built on leadership and system learning. The third story steps up to Open Communication with customer focus strategy and organizational learning. Above thatRead MoreLeadership And The Development Collaboration1146 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and the Development Collaboration In any collaborative environment, an open-line of communication is a critical factor. Communication is a two way interaction of listening and speaking in turn. One speaks while the other listens for true comprehension is a key factor. One must get an understanding before the vision can be implemented within any leadership role. The presence of collaboration in schools are the result of principals, educators, parents, and administrative leadership in workingRead MorePlanned Change Of Maternal Child Health1590 Words   |  7 Pagescomplained that they lack a platform to voice their opinions towards the units operations. A Collaborative Care Committee (CCC) would be useful to the MCH unit at this organization, as it would promote staff and leadership relationship, shared-decision making, and enforce the elements of shared governance. In the next few paragraphs we will discuss Kotter’s 8 step change model to help describe how leadership will influence this delivery system on the unit and what role each participant will play inRead MoreThe Statement Of Administrative Philosophy1227 Words   |  5 Pagesbehind.† (Carter G. Center for Education). 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Business Law Medicare and Medicaid Program

Question: Describe about the Business Law for Medicare and Medicaid Program. Answer: Introduction: Meaningful use is a Medicare and Medicaid program issued by CMS which gives incentives which is financial in nature for using Electronic health records technology (EHRs) which is certified to improve the health of patient. For getting the incentives related to EHR, providers need to show that certified EHR technology is meaningfully used by them, and they are also meeting the certain requirements such as recording the information of patients as data which is structured to exchanging summary care records. These requirements are set up by CMS for eligible hospitals, professionals and critical access hospitals. This EHR Medicare and Medicaid program is divided into three stages (HealthIT.gov, n.d.). In this paper, we discuss the background of meaningful use, and also state the requirements of meaningful use. The next topic contains effect on healthcare organizations if they are meeting or not meeting the requirements of meaningful use. We also discuss problems faced by healthcare organizations in fulfilling the requirements of meaningful use and also their possible solutions, and there is a brief discussion which includes why some organizations choosing not to meet the requirements and just bear the resultant penalties. Meaningful use: Background of meaningful use: Meaningful use defines as using the certified HER technology for the following purposes: For improving quality, safety, efficiency, and reducing disparities related to health. For increasing the engagement of patients and their families. For improving the public health, care coordination, and population. Maintain the confidentiality of health information of patient. It was assumed that this program will result in number of benefits such as better clinical outcomes; outcomes related to professional health will be improved; this will increase the efficiency and transparency of transaction, empower the individuals, and give access to the health system research data which is more accurate (HealthIT.gov, n.d.). If any eligible patients and hospitals adopt, upgrade, and demonstrate how to use certified EHR technology in a meaningful manner then financial incentives are awarded to that eligible patients and hospitals by Medicare and Medicaid EHR incentive program. Demonstration of meaningful use program requires time and resources, and this is the reason that CMS provide financial support to EPs and EHs for the demonstration of this program. EPs can qualify for this program up to $44000 from Medicare EHR Incentive Program and $63750 from Medicaid EHR Incentive Program, and eligible hospitals including CAHs can qualify up to $2 million or more (HealthIT.gov, n.d.). The three main components of meaningful use are stated and defined by Recovery Act: It is necessary that EP or hospitals use the certified EHR technology in manner which is meaningful. This technology is used to exchange the health information through electronic mode to improve the healthcare quality. This technology is used to submit the clinical quality measures and some other specified measures also, and these measures are selected by secretary (CMS, 2010). Following is the conceptual approach for meaningful use, and we also called the three stages of meaningful use: Capture and share the data Advanced clinical processes Improved outcome Requirements of meaningful use: This meaningful use program is conducted in three stages that are stage 1 which was initiated in 2010 and it main purpose is promoting the adoption of EHR technology, stage 2 was finalized in last of 2012 and this stage introduce more clinical decision support, care coordination requirements, and Stage 3 will focus on accurate exchange of information related to health and also other guidelines also which are introduced in earlier stages (Techtarget, n.d.). Following are the overview of three stages: Stage 1: following are the requirements of stage 1: 90 days is specified as reporting period for 1st year in this stage and also for 1 year subsequently. Reporting in this period must be done through attestation. EP and EH must achieve defined objectives and clinical quality measures. It is necessary to meet objectives and CQM that at least 80% patients have their records in certified EHR technology (HITEC/LA, n.d.). Stage 2: On 23rd August 2012, the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services published a rule that is known as final rule, and that rule states the criteria for stage 2 that eligible professional and hospitals and CAHs must meet the objectives stated in stage 2 so that they can participate in the Medicare Medicaid Electronic Health Record Incentive Programs. Core objectives and also the menu structure for those core objectives are specified in Stage 1 and these objectives must be achieved by the providers for demonstrate meaningful use. Stage 2 keep these core objectives and menu structure specified by stage 1for use them in meaningful manner. There are number of stage 1 objectives which become core objectives for stage 2 (HRSA, n.d.). For demonstrating the meaningful use under stage 2 it is necessary that: In case of EPs it is necessary that they meet at least 17 objectives that are core objectives and they are selected from the list of 6 core objectives or from list of 20 core objectives. In case of EHs and CAHs, they must meet at least 16 core objectives and at least 3 menu objectives which are selected from the list of 6 core objectives or from list of 19 core objectives (CMS, 2012). Stage 3: Third level of stage of meaningful use mainly focus on following objectives: This part of the stage mainly focuses on improving the quality, safety and efficiency which result in good health outcomes. Support is provided by this level of stage to national high priority conditions. Patients can easily access to tools which help in promoting self management. It helps in improving the health of population. Access to data of patient which is comprehensive through the patient-centered HIE. Rule which is known as final rule is issued by CMS and ONC, and this rule is related to Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs and the 2015 Edition Health IT Certification Criteria respectively on 6th October 2015 (Himms, 2015). Effect of meaningful use on health organizations: Research conducted by RAND shows strong evidence related to health IT improves patient outcomes. A large number of healthcare providers are using and adopting the information technology tools related to health such as certified EHRs which are mention in the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act in 2009. This act provides number of incentives if EPs and EHs meaningfully use certifies EHR technology which result in better care, health improvement, and lower costs. This program not only effect providers but to patients also such as: Many requirements of meaningful use program directly affect the patients by providing them easy access to the information related to their health, enhanced the engagement of patients and collaboration of patients with their providers. These requirements take care of many things such as whether patients get electronic reminder for their appointment, or they easily accessed the copy of information related to their health. Therefore now patients are experiencing positive changes in the health care system, and the reason behind this is health care technology. EPs send almost 190 million electronic prescriptions to their patients. Almost 13 million patients or more who aged up to 65 or more and under 5 years received reminders for their appointments. 33 million or more patients are now easily access the information through electronic mode related to their health (CMS, n.d.). Problems faced by health organizations: following are the problems faced by health organizations in meeting the requirement of meaningful use: There are large numbers of providers who have existing systems that are already performing functions related to HIE/EHR, and there are some other systems also which provide information related to lab results which are required to integrate into EHRs information to attain the requirements of meaningful use. It is the problem for providers to move data between these systems, and this will also bit expensive for providers especially for the medium size providers who do not have large IT stuff. The other problem for providers is that stage 3 criteria is not clearly defined till now, and those organizations which make investment in HER/HIE systems face uncertainty. Evaluating the current system against the standards issued by CMS will become the difficult challenge for the providers, especially for those providers who are looking to make new investment in this technology (Reich, n.d.; Backers, n.d.). Therefore, there are number of organizations which are ready to face penalty but did not meet the requirements of meaningful use. Conclusion: This report contains the background and definition of meaningful use, and also the three stages of meaning full use which are stage 1 Capture and share the data, stage 2 that is advanced clinical processes, and stage 3 improved outcomes. After this it contains the effect of meaningful use on providers and patients which state that both patients and providers get number of benefits from the meaningful use. Later we discuss the problems faced by providers in implementing the requirements of meaningful use such as problem for providers to move data between different systems, and stage 3 criteria is not clearly defined till now, and those organizations which make investment in HER/HIE systems face uncertainty. At last, we conclude the report with brief conclusion which state that meaningful use is beneficial for providers and patients but is also cause number of difficulties to providers in implementing the certified EHR program. References: HealthIT.gov. Meaningful Use Regulations. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.healthit.gov/policy-researchers-implementers/meaningful-use-regulations. HealthIT.gov. Meaningful Use Definition Objectives. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/meaningful-use-definition-objectives. HealthIT.gov. EHR Incentive Programs. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/ehr-incentive-programs. Techtarget. meaningful use. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/definition/meaningful-use. CMS, (2010). Medicare Medicaid EHR Incentive Program. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/Legislation/EHRIncentivePrograms/downloads/MU_Stage1_ReqOverview.pdf. HITCHLA. STAGE 1 MEANINGFUL USE CHECKLIST. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.hitecla.org/sites/default/files/HITEC-LA%20Stage%201%20MU%20Checklist_2011%200613.pdf. HRSA. Meaningful Use Stage 2. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.hrsa.gov/healthit/meaningfuluse/stage2/. CMS, (2012). Stage 2 Overview Tipsheet. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.cms.gov/regulations-and-guidance/legislation/ehrincentiveprograms/downloads/stage2overview_tipsheet.pdf. Himms, (2015). Meaningful Use 2015-2017 Modifications, Stage 3 Final Rules 2015 Certification Criteria. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.himss.org/library/meaningful-use/stage-3-final-rules. CMS. The Real World Impact of Meaningful Use. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.cms.gov/eHealth/ListServ_RealWorldImpact_MeaningfulUse.html. Reich, M. The technical challenges of attaining meaningful use. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.seabourneconsulting.com/the-technical-challenges-of-attaining-meaningful-use/index.html. Backers. 8 Problems Surrounding Meaningful Use. Retrieved on 8th December 2016 from: https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/8-problems-surrounding-meaningful-use.html.