The Properties of Chemical Reactions

Properties of Chemical Reactions Ms. Whitty, Science 10 Fiona Adams, November 1st, 2012 Introduction Chemical replys are a part of our daily lives, from rusting metal to making bread to leaves changing chroma in the f whole. A chemical substance replyis the process that occurs when two or more substances trust to produce a chemical alteration. When a chemical reaction takes come on, the permute is indicated by one or more soft properties. The colour or odor could change, mishandle could be produced, a precipitate a unscathed substance in a solution could be formed, or qualification could be absorbed or released.The substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants. When chemical reactions occur, the end result is called a production. Products usually have different properties than reactants bonds between atoms will be changed during the reaction, cast the atoms arrangement in different compounds. A compound is a chemical substance that consist s of two or more different chemically bonded elements. In this experiment, some(prenominal) different compounds are being worked with special K iodide, accept (II) process, acetic acidulated and sodium bi snowate.The purpose of this experiment is to determine whether or non a reaction has taken place using qualitative and numerical analysis. Procedure bug out 1 Qualitative observations of both(prenominal) potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were enter in a table. Then, the equipment and chemicals needed were gathered potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate, a graduated cylinder, Erlenmeyer flask, humbled test tube, rubber stopper, and scurvy shield. utilise the graduated cylinder, 10 mL of potassium iodide solution was heedful and poured into the Erlenmeyer flask.Next, the lead (II) nitrate solution was poured into the small test tube until it was virtually half full. The test tube was placed inside the Erlenmeyer flask, and sealed with a rubber stopper the sol utions were not mixed. The pickle of flask, stopper and contents were mulish by being placed and iron outed on a small scale. The hole determined was then recorded in another table. The Erlenmeyer flask was ceaseted so the previously separate solutions were allowed to mix, and the new mixture was again weighed and recorded in the wink table.Changes in appearance from the original solutions were recorded in the first table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. Part 2 Qualitative observations of both acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were recorded in a third table. Equipment and chemicals were gathered acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate, a small scale, two plastic weigh boats, scoopula, and graduated cylinder. The first weigh boat was placed on the scale and the scale was zeroed. One scoop of sodium bicarbonate was poured into the weigh boat with the scoopula, and the results were recorded in a one-fourth table.Next, the second weigh boat was placed on the scale an d zeroed. Using the graduated cylinder, 15 mL of acetic acid was measured and poured into the weigh boat on the scale. The mass of the acetic acid was recorded in the fourth table. The sodium bicarbonate, measured previously, was poured into the weigh boat of acetic acid, and qualitative observations of that were recorded in the third table. When the reaction was complete, the mass of the products shown on the scale was recorded in the fourth table. Lastly, leftover materials were disposed of. ResultsQualitative Observations Part 1 Before the reaction took place, both the potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate had corresponding characteristics they were both in a liquid state, as well as being clear and colorless. After the reaction, the qualitative observations of the new substance showed several differences. It was yellow in color, and a grainy precipitate had formed. The substance remained in a liquid state. (Table 2) Quantitative Observations from Part 1 commode of Reactant s and weapon (g) 140. 26 Mass of Products and Apparatus (g) 140. 26 Qualitative Observations Part 2 Before the reaction took place, the acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate for each(prenominal) one had different qualitative characteristics. The acetic acid was clear, colorless and in a liquid state. The sodium bicarbonate, however, was a white powder, in a full-blooded state. The reaction caused the new substance to bubble and foam, producing a gas. (Table 4) Quantitative Observations from Part 2 Mass of Sodium Bicarbonate (g) 1. 01 Mass of Acetic acidulous (g) 14. 29 Mass of Products (g) 14. 88 Analysis Part 1 The chemical reaction that took place was recountd by several qualitative observations.The colour of the two original substances was clear, and when have the colour changed to yellow a change of colour is clear evidence of a chemical reaction. The word equating for this reaction would be potassium iodide + lead (II) nitrate Potassium nitrate and lead (II) iodide. In t he form of a balanced equation, this reaction would be 2KI + Pb(NO3)2 2KNO3 + PbI2. Weighing both the reactants and the product showed that the mass of the reactants, with the apparatus, was 140. 26 grams. The mass of the product, with the apparatus, was also 140. 6 grams the product of this reaction had the same mass as the reactants. These results were expected, base on the Law of preservation of Mass. The Law of saving of Mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. The application of the Law of Conservation of Mass means that the mass of products in a chemical reaction will equal the mass of the reactants, and this is coherent with the results of the first experiment. Part 2 Several qualitative observations determined that a chemical reaction took place the product bubbled, and a gas was produced.The chemical equation for this reaction is CH3COOH + NaHCO3 NaCH3COO + piddle + CO2. Put into a word equation, the equation would be acetic acid + sodium bicarb onate Sodium acetate + water + carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide being a gas. Because a gas is present on the product side of the equation but not on the reactant side, the gas has been produced, which is evidence of a chemical reaction. Weighing the reactants and products showed that the combined mass of the reactants was 15. 30 grams. The combined mass of the products was 14. 8 grams, weighing reasonably less than the reactants. This result was expected, because it is consistent with the Law of Conservation of Mass. Although the product weighed on the scale showed a slightly lower mass, this was because the carbon dioxide was a gas, and was not accounted for on the scale. To achieve dampen results and gain an accurate measurement of the products combined mass, it would be necessary to suffer the gas and weigh it as well. Part 3 Extension For the chemical reaction AgNO3 + NaCl NaNO3 + AgCl, the total molecular mass of the reactants would be 228. grams argent nitrate (AgNO3) would have a mass of 169. 9 grams, and sodium chloride (NaCl) would have a mass of 58. 5 grams. Based on the experiments performed in the lab, and the Law of Conservation of Mass, it is expected that the mass of the products would be 228. 4 grams as well. This prediction can be proved by finding the molecular mass of the reactions products regurgitate the mass number of each atom by the number of tell atom, and add the amounts to determine the total mass of sodium nitrate and silver chloride, the products. ConclusionUsing qualitative and quantitative analysis, it was determined that reactions took place in each tidy sum of the lab the first between potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate the second between sodium bicarbonate and acetic acid. In each section, the reactions were testify by several qualitative observations. When potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate were combined, a change of colour occurred in the reactant and a precipitate was formed. This is evidence of a chemical change. When acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate were combined, a gas was produced also evidence of a chemical reaction.In the experiments, the Law of Conservation of Mass was discovered. The quantitative evidence in each section proved this law. In the first experiment, the mass of the products was equal to the mass of the reaction, indicating that matter was not created or destroyed in the reaction. The results of the second reaction showed a decrease in the mass of the product however, this was only because the gas formed in the reaction could not be weighed. Application Much of the ease of our current modus vivendi is due to the availability of fresh air, pure water and access to resources all of which are almost entirely taken from the environment.When fossil fuels like scorch and oil are mined and utilize, the result is a huge prohibit impact on the many aspects of the environment, and as a direct consequence, our lifestyles. char and oil have to be extracted from deep und er the earth, transported, and burned. At each stage of this process, greenhouse gases i. e. , carbon dioxide are produced. Burning is especially baneful for the environment when burned, fossil fuels like coal and oil release mass amounts of carbon, which then combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. destinations University of Washington.Chemical Reactions an Introduction. http//depts. washington. edu/chemcrs/bulkdisk/chem110A_aut01/notes_Week_5. pdf (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Science Daily. Science Reference Chemical Compound. http//www. sciencedaily. com/articles/c/chemical_compound. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). American University. Oil Production and Environmental Damage. http//www1. american. edu/ted/projects/tedcross/xoilpr15. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012). Chem Professor. Reactants and Products. http//www. chemprofessor. com/outline7b. htm (accessed Oct. 30, 2012).