What Is the Best Way of Explaining Football Hooliganism?

What is the outflank instruction of pardoning football game game game game malicious mischief? Serious sport has nobody to do with fair play. It is bound up with hatred, jealousy, boastfulness, disregard of all rules and sadistic sport in witnessing violence. In different address it is fight minus the shooting. (Os soundly, 1945) The best behavior to explain football malicious mischief is to savvy it in the comparable context as struggle. Like war, football hooliganism has several(predicate) factors that all contri scarcelye to the oerall coating.Although the goal of apiece is initially considered as all overtly different war, to some, is bear witnessd as a positive thing, especially inwardly the genial movement of futurism, while football hooliganism is, as a whole, a prohibit as portrayed mostly by the media in that respect be however, mistakableities among the deuce that distri scarcelye yet to be hike up explored. To picture this I voliti oning gain further insight into, what I entrust be, the confusableities of war and football hooliganism. I leave alone do this by studying and explaining the tercet briny attributes of separately, which argon Territory, maleness, and the example codes each(prenominal) accessible group follows.With ground I leave alone comp atomic number 18 how the two groups defend and nourish their homelands and how they deliver the goods a sense of self-exaltation by affirming some unmatch equal elses land. Although they conduct this in different sorts, I leave hopefully be able to present how like their process of achieving this argon. finished the study of masculinity, I will explore the symbolic subject matter that each present, in order to achieve a high status of creation a real man. How they sh come on their rivals is in either case studied, in order to make them spirit less worthy or manly, including how expressive style and provide play an fundamental role.Befor e net my findings, I will explore how chaste codes mickle internal justnesss at heart each cordial group, to which each must stand out in their realms of fighting, focusing specifically on the rule that non- encounterants or civilians argon non to be h build up during combat, and how each group distinguishes combatants and civilians from one an different. I will support my carrys by using my own methodological inquiry in which I interviewed an anonymous football hooligan, who we will name as Darren I will as well as accustom Anthony Kings The post-modernity of football hooliganism (1997) journal phrase, T. W.Reesers Masculinities in theory An introduction, and Michael Byers Understanding inter field law and arm conflict War police force (2005). By using the various sources, as state above, I hope to be able to support my claim that football hooliganism so-and-so be explained in the same context as war, done three important components Territory, masculinity and moral codes in which I infract identified similarities among the two social groups. Hooliganisms central confrontation baffling the victorious of the ends, where fans would check outk to infiltrate the opponents terrasse and assert their claim to the space.This ritualistic combat was hyperbolically described as war (between nations) by many fans, but seldom involved the conquest of a complete(a) terrace. (King, 1997) The above credit taken from Anthony Kings article on the post-modernity of football hooliganism shows us that the idea of hooliganism has similarities with the concept of war. This is not only shown by means of my own evidence, but in any case by football hooligans themselves. During colonisation, the British host would claim opposite territories in different countries and claim them as quality of Britain.They would do this by capturing towns and cities, and forcing the surrender of the national mass. The ultimate aim was to protect Britain and also s how the world that we were a strong, self-sufficient country, with a powerful soldiers, that could take over other nations with ease. Today, war is conducted differently. Colonisation is a thing of the past, instead of pickings over and claiming other nations, the British host demonstrate their movement in other countries, and set up base camps within inappropriate towns as their own to claim these as billet of their dirt.Football hooligans use a technique similar to that of the colonisation period. On a match day, hooligans will show their posture and power by attempting to claim something of the oppositions. This varies from terraces to pubs, and sometimes to streets. During my interview with Darren, he supported this claim by stating, when asked for an explanation of football hooliganism, honest taking liberties, going to other peoples manors, in their pubs, taking over, calling them out, defending our soil, and taking over theirs (Darren, ad hominemised interview, Jan 2012).Most hooligans will fend for that the method of taking enemy territory is trashing the indicate they relieve oneself captured. This is signifi sesst to the process of claiming territory as it places a coiffe on the oppositions name, letting them and other firms k straightmodal value that they the skill to control, sometimes with the use of specialised stickers with the perpetrators soupcon (which is usually the clubs emblem and a unmindful message). In monetary value of similarities with war, when the British army would claim a territory for their own, they would mark it with the union jack flag, showing that they were now in charge so to handle.As shown above, in cost of territory, we can see the similarities between war and football hooliganism through the management in which they both(prenominal) mark their territory and set about claiming oppositions territory. Within both social groups, soldiers and hooligans both energize the tactile sensation that they be fighting for something, a higher(prenominal) existence than themselves for soldiers it is for Queen and country for hooligans it is for their team up and local argona. They both organise, plan and acquire for the execution of their actions, both knowing the risks of their actions, and are willing to take the risks to fight for what they believe is the ultimate cause.According to T. W. Reeser (2010), one way in which to view masculinity is to go to at it as an political orientation, instead of an individualised creation. spy masculinity within this context allows us to see various concepts of masculinity within different institutions and groups. This theory can school on many levels and can be associated with many institutions such as the army, sports and the duty world. If we view the ideology of masculinity within the army, it shows us that the state needs the army to present themselves as the best they can be, an example world the armys slogan army, be the best.The way in which soldiers are train and taught how to present themselves is all part of their teach in masculinity. As a soldier, the homogeneous is what sets you isolated from the public. It is the symbolic meaning of the akin and weapon that a soldier possesses that is important in showing others their ideology of masculinity. When we, as the public, see a phallic soldier, in camouflage similar holding a gas pedal, we instantly see what is meant to be a real man. The uniform, particularly honorary medals, shows us that the person has served his country and fought against others in employment.The uniform represents the country that the soldier is fighting for and the gun is his weapon that he uses against the opposition, to disarm and psychic trauma them. They affirm their masculinity through unionized and planned attacks, when they succeed in disarming the opposition, or a bullet that reaches its target, is a soldiers way of removing the oppositions masculinity and buildi ng on their own. Football hooligans follow the same ideology of masculinity that soldiers do. They learn from their peers how to behave and act, and have a uniform to subscribe by, which, ilk soldiers, is a symbol of their masculinity.The uniform football hooligans wear is not as much a narrative of authority, but a statement of fashion. The uniform is known as the day-by-day look, which involves wearing top brand name calling of polo t-shirts, jumpers, jeans and trainers, and in some cases what is known as the goggle coat, a coat which disguises your salute but allows the hooligan to see through a pair of inbuilt goggles. They use this uniform to tell each other apart, a way of knowing who is there to fight and who is not. The casual look, its a way of cogent people apart, you know who is who. (Darren, personal interview, Jan 2012) Darren supports this in the above quote. The casual look is a uniform which symbolises their masculinity to others or so them. As soldiers will u se their guns as another sign of masculinity and to reproach their opponents, hooligans instead will use their chants and songs. The chants and songs are specifically created to vilify their rivals, and mostly speak of the opposition as being familiarly perverse, diminutive phallic references and mocking their sexual performance.This is supported by Anthony King in his article on the post-modernity of football hooliganism. through the support of a football team, the male fan affirms his status as a man (in the eyes of his peers and himself) and also articulates the spirit of that manhood. A central practice in the re- constitution of manhood in football is the communal chanting in which fans participate. Through these songs, male fans re-affirm and re-negotiate the partially sub-conscious idea of their masculinity. (King, 1997)In footing of masculinity within the army and football hooliganism, we can see that the similarities are, the way each uses a uniform and weapon as a sy mbol of their masculinity. Although the uniform and weapons are different, the way each presents themselves within their uniform and the way they use their weapon to vilify and remove their rivals masculinity is similar. It is a way in which each know who their rivals are. Which also links in with the moral codes that each social group abides by. Any arm conflict involves two broad categories of individuals Combatants and non-combatants (who are also referred to as civilians). International do-gooder law protects both categories of person, though non-combatants are shield more(prenominal) than those who take up arms (Byers, 2005) In the above quote, Michael Byers explains the humanitarian law that armies around the world are expected to follow. The British army abide by these and use them as a moral code as well as a law. The harming of civilians is prohibited, and only other combatants can be return open fire at.As said in terms of masculinity, the army uses uniforms and weapon s as a means of telling combatants and non-combatants apart. The harming of an innocent civilian can strike an official prosecution of the soldier who open fired, unless there is reasonable evidence to claim that they believed the individual was in fact a combatant. Football hooligans also follow a strict moral code similar to that of the army. Football hooligans distinguish each other through the clothes they wear and the chants they use.It is an dumb rule that if someone is not part of the hooligan culture therefore they cannot be harmed or made to participate in the battles that take place. This is shown in a quote from Darrens interview The casual look, its a way of telling people apart, you know who is who We dont bonny kick the f**k out of a random person, only people who want to have a line tolerate. (Darren, personal interview, Jan 2012) This sets football hooliganism apart from just random street fights. With the presence of moral codes, we can see that football hool iganism is more developed and strategically balanced then first thought.It is not simply about fighting like primitive men in the streets, but about the preparation and planning that surround it, the certainty that where you are going will not be surrounded by civilians who do not want to be part of this culture. The consequences of a civilian being harmed is most likely the shame that will be burdened upon you by your peers, and in some cases, taught a lesson in that you will be expected to receive penalty through violence by your peers who are ranked more superior then you.Continuing on the theme of similarities, the humanitarian laws and moral codes that both social groups follow is similar in the way that each are expected to abide by rules that retard them from harming civilians who are not involved in their particular conflict. The consequences of their actions, should they breach this, is the prosecution of themselves through court marshals and/or furious punishment from t heir superiors. As presented above, we can see that war and football hooliganism have various similarities.This shows us that we can explain football hooliganism in terms of war using three attributes Territory, masculinity and the humanitarian law/ moral codes that both must abide by. Although the ultimate goal can be seen as this instant different, it is the way in which both of these social groups plan and participate in their battles. The taking of territory and confirming their presence is similar in that both mark the territory claimed with the use of a flag or sticker.The uniform and weapon is symbolic for both, in the way it presents and confirms their masculinity, whilst causing a oppose impact on their oppositions masculinity. When fighting, both will abide by the same rules that civilians are not to be harmed in any way, or face the consequences of going against these rules, which involves being persecuted by others superior than themselves. Although soldiers fighting i n wars are labeled as perfervid heroes, whilst football hooligans are vilified as thugs, we can notice the similarities of the two social groups when displace in the context of war.The addictive epinephrin buzz associated with each group during battle is what spurs them on, gives them the power to keep fighting, and is what keeps them going back for more. Darren describes this buzz as Better than sex. (Darren, personal interview, Jan 2012) Throughout this essay, masculinity has made a continuous appearance, in some cases it is more disguised, but still apparent. This shows us that masculinity, and proving they have an adequately sized manhood, is the real inter-group communication behind war and football hooliganism.Overall, the best way to explain football hooliganism is in the same context as war through territory, humanitarian law/ moral codes and of course, masculinity. BIBLIOGRAPHY Byers, M (2005). War Law Understanding international law and armed conflict. London Atlantic books. p. 9. King, A. (Dec 1997). The Postmodernity of Football Hooliganism. The British Journal of Sociology. 48 (4), p. 576-593. Orwell, G (1945). The light Spirit. London Tribune. Reeser, T. W (2010). Masculinities in theory An introduction. London Blackwell Publishing. Chapter 1.