Overview of Health Behaviour Theories

Overview of wellness Behaviour TheoriesAPPENDIXHEALTH BEHAVIOUR THEORIESThe biomedical perspectiveThe biomedical perspective incorporates the biomedical conjecture in which patients be assumed to be passive recipients of doctors instructions.Behavioural (learning) perspectiveThis perspective incorporates behavioral learning speculation (BLT) which is focused on the environment and the teaching of skills to get along love.Communication perspectiveCommunication is said to be the cornerstone of each patient-practitioner relationship p. 56. This perspective suggests that improved provider-client communication will enhance adherence and implies that this can be achieved by means of patient education and good health care moveer communication skills an approach ground on the whimsy that communication needs to be clear and comprehensible to be effective. It too places emphasis on the timing of treatment, instruction and comprehension.Cognitive perspectiveThe cognitive perspect ive includes theories such as the health belief model (HBM), social-cognitive surmisal (SCT), the theories of reasoned action (TRA) and planned demeanour (TPB) and the protection motivation theory (PMT). These theories focus on cognitive variables as part of behaviour change, and helping the assumption that attitudes and beliefs, as well as expectations of future effects and expirys, are major determinants of health related behaviour. In the face of various alternatives, these theories propose, individuals will bring the action that will lead most likely to positive outcomes.Health Belief ModelThe HBM views health behaviour change as based on a rational appraisal of the balance between the barriers to and benefits of action. fit in to this model, the sensed seriousness of, and susceptibility to, a disease influence individuals perceived threat of disease. Similarly, perceived benefits and perceived barriers influence perceptions of the effectiveness of health behaviour. In turn, demographic and socio-psychological variables influence some(prenominal) perceived susceptibility and perceived seriousness, and the perceived benefits and perceived barriers to action. Perceived threat is influenced by cues to action, which can be internal (e.g. symptom perception) or external (e.g. health communication).The protection-motivation theoryAccording to this theory, behaviour change may be achieved by appealing to an individuals consternations. Three components of fear arousal are postulated the magnitude of harm of a depicted event the probability of that events occurrence and the efficacy of the protective response. These, it is contended, combine multiplicatively to ensure the intensity of protection motivation, coreing in activity occurring as a result of a desire to protect oneself from danger. This is the only theory within the broader cognitive perspective that explicitly uses the costs and benefits of existing and recommended behaviour to predict the likeliness of change.Social-cognitive theoryThis theory evolved from social learning theory and may be the most comprehensive theory of behaviour change developed therefrom far. It posits a multifaceted causal structure in the regulation of pitying motivation, action and well-being and pleads both predictors of adherence and guidelines for its promotion. The basic organising principle of behaviour change proposed by this theory is reciprocal determinism in which there is a continuous, dynamic interaction between the individual, the environment and behaviour.Theory of planned behaviour and the theory of reasoned action (TRA)The first work in this field of view was on the TRA.The TRA assumes that most socially relevant behaviours are under volitional control, and that a persons intention to commit a particular behaviour is both the immediate determinant and the single best predictor of that behaviour. An intention to per ricochet a behaviour is influenced by attitudes towards th e action, including the individuals positive or negative beliefs and evaluations of the outcome of the behaviour. It is also influenced by subjective norms, including the perceived expectations of important others (e.g. family or work colleagues) with regard to a persons behaviour and the motivation for a person to espouse with others wishes. Behavioural intention, it is contended, then results in action.Information-motivation-behavioural skills (IMB) theoryThis theory was developed to foster contraceptive use and prevent HIV transmission. IMB was constructed to be conceptually based, generalisable and simple. It has since been custom-built specifically to designing interventions to promote adherence to ART.Self-regulation perspectivesSelf-regulatory theory is the main theory in this domain. Developed to conceptualise the adherence process in a way that re-focuses on the patient, the theory proposes that it is necessary to examine individuals subjective ensure of health threats to understand the way in which they adapt to these threats. According to this theory, individuals form cognitive representations of health threats (and related emotional responses) that combine new tuition with past experiences.Stage perspectivesThe transtheoretical model (TTM)This theory is most prominent among the symbolize perspectives. It hypothesizes a number of qualitatively different, discrete stages and processes of change, and reasons that people move through these stages, typically relapsing and revisiting earlier stages before success. This theory is said to offer an integrative perspective on the structure of intentional change p. 1102 the perceived advantages and disadvantages of behaviour are crucial to behaviour change.Lakhan, 2006